Mohamed Morsi was an Egyptian politician who served as the fifth President of Egypt, marking a significant yet turbulent chapter in the country's history. Born on August 8, 1951, in Al-Adwah, a small village in the Sharqia Governorate, he hailed from a modest background. He earned a degree in engineering from Cairo University in 1975 and later pursued a PhD at the University of Southern California in the United States, specializing in material sciences. Upon his return to Egypt, Morsi worked as an assistant professor at Zagazig University before entering politics.

Morsi became involved with the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist political and social organization, in the late 1970s. Over time, he rose through the ranks, eventually becoming a prominent figure within the group. After the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, which led to the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak, the Muslim Brotherhood formed the Freedom and Justice Party, and Morsi became its candidate for the 2012 presidential election after the disqualification of Khairat El-Shater.

In a historic but controversial election, Mohamed Morsi was elected president in June 2012, becoming Egypt's first democratically elected president. His victory was seen as a milestone in Egypt's transition towards democracy following the Arab Spring uprisings. However, Morsi's presidency was fraught with challenges from the start. He struggled to manage Egypt's deep political divisions and economic problems while facing resistance from secularists, liberals, and remnants of the old regime.

Morsi's tenure as president was marked by several key decisions that inflamed tensions. One of the most notable was his November 2012 constitutional declaration that expanded his powers and made his decisions immune from judicial oversight, sparking widespread protests. Critics accused him of trying to impose Islamist rule and undermining democratic institutions. These moves, along with economic mismanagement and continued unrest, eroded Morsi's popularity.

On July 3, 2013, after days of mass protests demanding his resignation, Morsi was ousted by the military, led by General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. His removal led to a crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and the subsequent arrest of many of its leaders, including Morsi himself. Morsi faced a series of trials on charges ranging from incitement to violence, espionage, and organizing prison breaks during the 2011 revolution.

Morsi spent the remainder of his life in prison. He died on June 17, 2019, after collapsing during a court session. His death raised concerns about his treatment in detention, with human rights organizations pointing to poor prison conditions and inadequate medical care as contributing factors to his demise. Mohamed Morsi remains a polarizing figure in Egyptian politics—seen by some as a martyr of democratic ideals and by others as a leader who overreached and failed to govern inclusively.

REFERENCE:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi