Geoffrey Chaucer, born around 1342 or 1343 in London, England, is regarded as one of the most significant figures in English literature. He is often referred to as the "father of English literature" due to his substantial contributions to the development of the English language in literary works. Chaucer was born into a prosperous family of vintners, with his father, John Chaucer, playing a role in the royal court as a wine merchant. This familial status provided him with early exposure to the nobility and opportunities for education and career advancement.

Chaucer's early years saw him serving in the household of Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster, in 1357. This service allowed him to gain insights into courtly life and culture, which later influenced his writings. His career in public service began during the reign of Edward III, under whom he served in various roles, including as a diplomat and customs official. His travels to France and Italy exposed him to the works of influential writers such as Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio, whose literary styles and themes left a mark on Chaucer’s own writing.

Chaucer's literary career is defined by his use of Middle English, a departure from the dominance of Latin and French in literary circles of his time. Among his most notable works is *The Canterbury Tales*, written between 1387 and 1400. This collection of 24 stories is framed within a storytelling contest among pilgrims traveling from London to Canterbury. The work is praised for its vivid portrayal of medieval society, its range of character types, and its masterful use of satire and humor. Chaucer's other significant literary contributions include *The Book of the Duchess*, *The House of Fame*, *The Legend of Good Women*, and *Troilus and Criseyde*, each demonstrating his versatility in storytelling and poetic form.

Throughout his life, Chaucer held numerous positions under the English monarchy, serving three successive rulers—Edward III, Richard II, and Henry IV. His government roles, particularly in diplomacy and trade, provided him with firsthand knowledge of the social and political dynamics of medieval England, which he skillfully wove into his literary works. His writings not only entertained but also offered profound social commentary, often addressing themes of class, corruption, and human nature.

Chaucer's final years were marked by his withdrawal from active public service. He was granted a residence in Westminster Abbey by Henry IV, a reflection of the high regard in which he was held. He passed away on October 25, 1400, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. His burial site later became known as Poets' Corner, a revered resting place for some of England’s greatest writers.

Chaucer’s legacy in English literature is unparalleled. His works helped establish English as a legitimate literary language at a time when Latin and French dominated. His keen observations of human nature, masterful storytelling, and poetic innovations have influenced generations of writers and cemented his place as a foundational figure in English literature.

references:

- [Geoffrey Chaucer - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer)

- [The Canterbury Tales - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales)

- [Geoffrey Chaucer - Poetry Foundation](https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/geoffrey-chaucer)

- [Geoffrey Chaucer - Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Geoffrey-Chaucer)